Characteristics, causes and mechanism for developing varicose veinsThe main characteristic of varicose veins of the legs is its vast. The changes are subject to superficial veins and deeply under execution over a long length. Since there is a fairly large and long load on the feet, the valves of the circulatory system can start to weaken in childhood. Therefore, detection of varicose veins on the legs often occurs in young people and girls.These are the lower limbs which are characterized by a phenomenon such as hidden varicose veins: in the context of the changes pronounced in the unpleasant veins and symptoms, there are no visible signs of the disease. Consequently, in about a third of all cases, the disease is detected in advanced stages.To perform effective treatment of varicose vein nodes on the legs, the doctor will have to discover the causes of his occurrence. Since even when you use radical methods in 80% of patients, a relapse of varicose veins occurs, special attention should be paid to reduce the effect on the factors of factors causing varicose veins. These include:The hereditary predisposition is a truly uncontrolled factor which, however, can be restricted by standard preventive measures; Physical influences - an increased load on the legs (long and seated, the habit of crossing the legs, excess weight, weight);Physiological effects - hormonal changes and taking hormonal drugs (most often contraceptives), metabolic disorders, a lack of physical activity;The pathological causes are chronic diseases of the liver, kidneys, wounds and systematic tug of the soft tissues of the lower limbs, tumors, tightening the veins of the abdominal cavity.According to the location of the veins, doctors distinguish several types of varicose veins on the legs:Surface. It is expressed by the appearance of a bluish or red varicose varicose gate on the legs, which first resembles a canvas, then to the plexus of fairly thick winding lines.Deep. It is expressed by a defeat which is not visible during the external examination of the vascular plexus. Pain in the veins of the lower limbs with a varical expansion of this type is a more intense and higher risk of complications.Combined when deep and superficial veins are subject to changing.The establishment of the causes of varicose veins and its elimination are in close contact. First of all, it is important to exclude factors that have the greatest negative impact on the state of the veins.When diagnosing venous changes, it is important to differentiate them with other diseases. For example, varicose veins under the knee resemble the same thing as the Becker cyst and are accompanied by similar symptoms.
StepsThe appearance of the first signs of varicose veins on the legs occurs at progressive stages, when venous valves fulfill their functions by less than 50%. At the first or zero stage of varicose veins, which is known as a "compensation stage", there is no discomfort, as well as visible changes. The detection of the initial stadium of varicose veins on the legs occurs with a careful examination of the members by a phebologist. In the second stage of the varicose veins, which is known as "subcompmentation", the changes are very well expressed:The contours of the large veins are visible under the skin, but they may not exceed above the surface of the skin;On the surface of the skin on the hips and under the knees, a slim varic motive for blue or red capillaries is clearly visible;In the evening, the legs become swollen;At night, the muscles of the calf are cramped.This stage of the varicose veins of the lower limbs is distinguished by the increase in symptoms, which is weakening after rest.At the final stage of the varicose veins, decompensation occurs: the body cannot reconstruct the needs of the tissues in oxygen and the valves in the veins of 90% lose their functions. The members of the members gets worse due to the insufficient blood supply. This varicose veins is characterized by a decrease in tissue capacities to regeneration. The abundance of complications aggravates the patient's general condition. Symptoms at the final stage of varicose veins are constantly preserved.SymptomsThe most common and earliest symptom of varicose veins is the pain in the legs by the end of the working day. It appears with a change in the deep and surface vessels, and is a signal of a blood supply insufficiently good with soft tissues. In some cases, pain is the only symptom of the varicose veins of the deep veins of the lower limbs. With a change in surface vessels, the appearance of varicose veins on the legs, which often creates only aesthetic drawbacks, signals the development of the disease.The nature of pain with varicose veins at different stages of the development of the disease may differ: At the initial stadium, there is a slight discomfort that looks like ordinary fatigue;With progression to the second step, a burning sensation appears in the legs of varicose veins, which is often located under the knee;Pain firing with varicose veins of the lower limbs is accompanied by 2 and 3 stages of the disease, as well as cramps in the calf muscle can occur;Acute pain that causes chrome occurring at the final stages of the disease.In addition to obvious physical discomfort, the disease is accompanied by external changes. Most patients complain that their legs scratch - with varicose veins, this is considered a normal phenomenon that indicates ischemic processes. A thin grid of varicose veins, which hardly disturbs in the first stages, over time is stronger, transforming into a thick intertwined of thickened vessels. Any physical activity, including coughing, sneezing or long march, can lead to a broken capillaries, and sometimes veins. The blood is shed under the skin, forming hematomas.The presence of bruises on the legs with varicose veins indicates a stable progression of the disease, excessive stretching and thinning of the veins.The appearance of red spots on the legs with varicose veins, skin coat, slimming and exposure to injuries indicate atrophic processes that are characteristic of the final stages of the disease. Complications are indicated by redness of the lower leg, which is accompanied by acute pain and lameness. Such a symptom is characteristic of phebit and thrombophlebitis. If the patient is blackened by the leg, this indicates a serious blockage of the veins and the start of the necrotic processes. 
DiagnosisThe ease of diagnosis of varicose veins on the legs is exaggerated, because the vessels do not always rise to the surface. To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor must carry out an external examination and carry out a certain number of instrumental research:Duplex scanning or ultrasound on the lower limb - for varicose veins, it is used first to determine the degree of stretching of vascular walls, the nature of the blood flow and the detection of blood clots;X -ray of members with contrast - the functional examination standard of varicose veins of the lower limbs, which allows you to determine the permeability of blood vessels;MRI is the gold stallion of the modern diagnosis of varicose veins in the lower limbs, which allows you to assess the functionality of venous valves, to identify the foci of ischemia in soft tissues, to detect blood clots and other pathological changes that have appeared in the bottom of varicose veins.To clarify the complete image of the disease, laboratory studies are prescribed: a coagulogram to assess the risk of thrombosis, a general and biochemical blood test.Treatment characteristicsThe treatment of varicose veins on the legs is engaged in a phebologist. After having determined the degree of pathological changes, the doctor selects the most effective, in his opinion, the methods of therapy. Unfortunately, this will not work to get rid of varicose veins on the legs forever, because the disease is systematic, and even modern treatment methods give a long -term result but not 100%.According to statistics, even after using radical methods to treat the varicose veins of the lower limbs in 80% of patients, a relapse occurs for 5 years.In the first stages of varicose veins on the legs, the treatment is preferably conservative. Its base is the use of local and systemic drugs: Anticoagulants that reduce blood viscosity and improve tissue nutrition;Anti-aggressors that reduce the risk of thrombosis and improve tissue trophies;Venotonia to avoid other stretching of the veins, reduce inflammatory processes and swelling.With a pronounced discomfort for varicose veins on the legs, NSAIDs are prescribed. The preparations for this group help reduce pain, prevent the development of complications.What to do if itching for varicose veins do not allow you to sleep, do things familiar and make you nervous? It is worth trying ointments or gels with a cooling effect. They will not affect the veins and will not help to face the disease, but will quickly relieve the symptom.In addition to conservative therapy, doctors often use the complex treatment methods for the varicose veins of the lower limbs, when low invasive and surgical operations are used simultaneously with medical effects. Such a scheme is used for intense symptoms and extended propagation of the venous nets. What measures to take and what to do if the varicose veins on the legs begin to progress suddenly, decides a phebologist. At the same time, it takes into account all aspects of the development of the disease, the individual characteristics of the body and health problems, which can become contraindications to certain procedures.What methods are used to eliminate pathological vessels:Laser coagulation. It is used if the varicose veins have not increased to 2 and 3 steps, that is to say in the presence of small "stars" on the surface of the skin. The method is painless and efficient, but expensive. There is no 100% healing guarantee, as the elimination of visible vessels occurs, while the causes of the disease are preserved. Apply in the early stages to eliminate cosmetic defects. Sclerotherapy. In thin and medium thicknesses, the vessels are introduced by a sclerosing, which seals the light of the veins, excluding the blood flow system. The procedure is practically painless and relatively inexpensive, but has a lot of contraindications. It is used at 1, 2 and sometimes 3 steps.Flebectomy is a classic excision of pathological veins through bites or cuts on the skin. This method eliminates surface varicose veins on hips and lower legs. After surgery, visible scars remain, but the operation is the only one with advanced forms of varicose veins.The realization of a surgical or mini-invasive intervention does not mean to get rid of the varicose veins. The patient will have to regularly visit a phebologist, take medication to keep the venous tone and wear compression linen.
ContraindicationExperts attribute to contraindications for varicose veins on the legs all actions which can cause additional stagnation in the vessels of the lower limbs. These include:Long stay in static poses;Halterophilia;Sitting by leaning or crossing the legs.In addition, patients should avoid taking alcohol, which helps increase blood viscosity and weakens the walls of blood vessels. Smoking can negatively affect the course of the disease. Therefore, after making a diagnosis, it is necessary to abandon bad habits.ComplicationsThrombosis and inflammatory processes in the walls of the veins, which were mentioned earlier, are far from the only thing that the varicose veins on the legs are dangerous for the patient in terms of complications. Due to circulatory disorders, not only blood vessels, but also soft tissues suffer, therefore, among the consequences of varicose veins on the legs, muscle and skin problems are mentioned: Dermatitis, accompanied by itching, rastered rashes, skin ulceration, itching;eczema, accompanied by skin cracking;necrotic changes in the skin to the formation of gangrene;trophic ulcers;Muscular atrophy.Often, with the progression of the disease and the excessive stretching of the walls of the blood vessels, the patient may meet bleeding from the varicose veins of the lower limbs. It can be closed when the blood accumulates in the muscles and under the skin and shapes of hematomas, or open. The second option is heavy with a large amount of blood and the coming of a coma, especially if the patient takes anti-agents and anticoagulants.This complication of the varicose veins of the lower limbs can cause not only injury, but also a slight physical effort, for example, cough or net movement.The most dangerous complications of varicose veins of the lower limb are the thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery and myocardial infarction. They occur due to the degradation of the blood clot in the femoral artery and its migration as a function of the blood flow system in the coronary and pulmonary vessels. Mortality in such processes is extremely high, it is therefore important for the patient to always follow well-being and to consult a doctor urgently with difficulty breathing and dull thoracic pain.
These are the lower limbs which are characterized by a phenomenon such as hidden varicose veins: in the context of the changes pronounced in the unpleasant veins and symptoms, there are no visible signs of the disease. Consequently, in about a third of all cases, the disease is detected in advanced stages. To perform effective treatment of varicose vein nodes on the legs, the doctor will have to discover the causes of his occurrence. Since even when you use radical methods in 80% of patients, a relapse of varicose veins occurs, special attention should be paid to reduce the effect on the factors of factors causing varicose veins. These include: The hereditary predisposition is a truly uncontrolled factor which, however, can be restricted by standard preventive measures; Physical influences - an increased load on the legs (long and seated, the habit of crossing the legs, excess weight, weight); Physiological effects - hormonal changes and taking hormonal drugs (most often contraceptives), metabolic disorders, a lack of physical activity; The pathological causes are chronic diseases of the liver, kidneys, wounds and systematic tug of the soft tissues of the lower limbs, tumors, tightening the veins of the abdominal cavity. According to the location of the veins, doctors distinguish several types of varicose veins on the legs: Surface. It is expressed by the appearance of a bluish or red varicose varicose gate on the legs, which first resembles a canvas, then to the plexus of fairly thick winding lines. Deep. It is expressed by a defeat which is not visible during the external examination of the vascular plexus. Pain in the veins of the lower limbs with a varical expansion of this type is a more intense and higher risk of complications. Combined when deep and superficial veins are subject to changing. The establishment of the causes of varicose veins and its elimination are in close contact. First of all, it is important to exclude factors that have the greatest negative impact on the state of the veins. When diagnosing venous changes, it is important to differentiate them with other diseases. For example, varicose veins under the knee resemble the same thing as the Becker cyst and are accompanied by similar symptoms. Steps
The appearance of the first signs of varicose veins on the legs occurs at progressive stages, when venous valves fulfill their functions by less than 50%. At the first or zero stage of varicose veins, which is known as a "compensation stage", there is no discomfort, as well as visible changes. The detection of the initial stadium of varicose veins on the legs occurs with a careful examination of the members by a phebologist. In the second stage of the varicose veins, which is known as "subcompmentation", the changes are very well expressed: The contours of the large veins are visible under the skin, but they may not exceed above the surface of the skin; On the surface of the skin on the hips and under the knees, a slim varic motive for blue or red capillaries is clearly visible; In the evening, the legs become swollen; At night, the muscles of the calf are cramped. This stage of the varicose veins of the lower limbs is distinguished by the increase in symptoms, which is weakening after rest. At the final stage of the varicose veins, decompensation occurs: the body cannot reconstruct the needs of the tissues in oxygen and the valves in the veins of 90% lose their functions. The members of the members gets worse due to the insufficient blood supply. This varicose veins is characterized by a decrease in tissue capacities to regeneration. The abundance of complications aggravates the patient's general condition. Symptoms at the final stage of varicose veins are constantly preserved. Symptoms
The most common and earliest symptom of varicose veins is the pain in the legs by the end of the working day. It appears with a change in the deep and surface vessels, and is a signal of a blood supply insufficiently good with soft tissues. In some cases, pain is the only symptom of the varicose veins of the deep veins of the lower limbs. With a change in surface vessels, the appearance of varicose veins on the legs, which often creates only aesthetic drawbacks, signals the development of the disease. The nature of pain with varicose veins at different stages of the development of the disease may differ: At the initial stadium, there is a slight discomfort that looks like ordinary fatigue; With progression to the second step, a burning sensation appears in the legs of varicose veins, which is often located under the knee; Pain firing with varicose veins of the lower limbs is accompanied by 2 and 3 stages of the disease, as well as cramps in the calf muscle can occur; Acute pain that causes chrome occurring at the final stages of the disease. In addition to obvious physical discomfort, the disease is accompanied by external changes. Most patients complain that their legs scratch - with varicose veins, this is considered a normal phenomenon that indicates ischemic processes. A thin grid of varicose veins, which hardly disturbs in the first stages, over time is stronger, transforming into a thick intertwined of thickened vessels. Any physical activity, including coughing, sneezing or long march, can lead to a broken capillaries, and sometimes veins. The blood is shed under the skin, forming hematomas. The presence of bruises on the legs with varicose veins indicates a stable progression of the disease, excessive stretching and thinning of the veins. The appearance of red spots on the legs with varicose veins, skin coat, slimming and exposure to injuries indicate atrophic processes that are characteristic of the final stages of the disease. Complications are indicated by redness of the lower leg, which is accompanied by acute pain and lameness. Such a symptom is characteristic of phebit and thrombophlebitis. If the patient is blackened by the leg, this indicates a serious blockage of the veins and the start of the necrotic processes. Diagnosis
The ease of diagnosis of varicose veins on the legs is exaggerated, because the vessels do not always rise to the surface. To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor must carry out an external examination and carry out a certain number of instrumental research: Duplex scanning or ultrasound on the lower limb - for varicose veins, it is used first to determine the degree of stretching of vascular walls, the nature of the blood flow and the detection of blood clots; X -ray of members with contrast - the functional examination standard of varicose veins of the lower limbs, which allows you to determine the permeability of blood vessels; MRI is the gold stallion of the modern diagnosis of varicose veins in the lower limbs, which allows you to assess the functionality of venous valves, to identify the foci of ischemia in soft tissues, to detect blood clots and other pathological changes that have appeared in the bottom of varicose veins. To clarify the complete image of the disease, laboratory studies are prescribed: a coagulogram to assess the risk of thrombosis, a general and biochemical blood test. Treatment characteristics
The treatment of varicose veins on the legs is engaged in a phebologist. After having determined the degree of pathological changes, the doctor selects the most effective, in his opinion, the methods of therapy. Unfortunately, this will not work to get rid of varicose veins on the legs forever, because the disease is systematic, and even modern treatment methods give a long -term result but not 100%. According to statistics, even after using radical methods to treat the varicose veins of the lower limbs in 80% of patients, a relapse occurs for 5 years. In the first stages of varicose veins on the legs, the treatment is preferably conservative. Its base is the use of local and systemic drugs: Anticoagulants that reduce blood viscosity and improve tissue nutrition; Anti-aggressors that reduce the risk of thrombosis and improve tissue trophies; Venotonia to avoid other stretching of the veins, reduce inflammatory processes and swelling. With a pronounced discomfort for varicose veins on the legs, NSAIDs are prescribed. The preparations for this group help reduce pain, prevent the development of complications. What to do if itching for varicose veins do not allow you to sleep, do things familiar and make you nervous? It is worth trying ointments or gels with a cooling effect. They will not affect the veins and will not help to face the disease, but will quickly relieve the symptom. In addition to conservative therapy, doctors often use the complex treatment methods for the varicose veins of the lower limbs, when low invasive and surgical operations are used simultaneously with medical effects. Such a scheme is used for intense symptoms and extended propagation of the venous nets. What measures to take and what to do if the varicose veins on the legs begin to progress suddenly, decides a phebologist. At the same time, it takes into account all aspects of the development of the disease, the individual characteristics of the body and health problems, which can become contraindications to certain procedures. What methods are used to eliminate pathological vessels: Laser coagulation. It is used if the varicose veins have not increased to 2 and 3 steps, that is to say in the presence of small "stars" on the surface of the skin. The method is painless and efficient, but expensive. There is no 100% healing guarantee, as the elimination of visible vessels occurs, while the causes of the disease are preserved. Apply in the early stages to eliminate cosmetic defects. Sclerotherapy. In thin and medium thicknesses, the vessels are introduced by a sclerosing, which seals the light of the veins, excluding the blood flow system. The procedure is practically painless and relatively inexpensive, but has a lot of contraindications. It is used at 1, 2 and sometimes 3 steps. Flebectomy is a classic excision of pathological veins through bites or cuts on the skin. This method eliminates surface varicose veins on hips and lower legs. After surgery, visible scars remain, but the operation is the only one with advanced forms of varicose veins. The realization of a surgical or mini-invasive intervention does not mean to get rid of the varicose veins. The patient will have to regularly visit a phebologist, take medication to keep the venous tone and wear compression linen. Contraindication
Experts attribute to contraindications for varicose veins on the legs all actions which can cause additional stagnation in the vessels of the lower limbs. These include: Long stay in static poses; Halterophilia; Sitting by leaning or crossing the legs. In addition, patients should avoid taking alcohol, which helps increase blood viscosity and weakens the walls of blood vessels. Smoking can negatively affect the course of the disease. Therefore, after making a diagnosis, it is necessary to abandon bad habits. Complications
Thrombosis and inflammatory processes in the walls of the veins, which were mentioned earlier, are far from the only thing that the varicose veins on the legs are dangerous for the patient in terms of complications. Due to circulatory disorders, not only blood vessels, but also soft tissues suffer, therefore, among the consequences of varicose veins on the legs, muscle and skin problems are mentioned: Dermatitis, accompanied by itching, rastered rashes, skin ulceration, itching; eczema, accompanied by skin cracking; necrotic changes in the skin to the formation of gangrene; trophic ulcers; Muscular atrophy. Often, with the progression of the disease and the excessive stretching of the walls of the blood vessels, the patient may meet bleeding from the varicose veins of the lower limbs. It can be closed when the blood accumulates in the muscles and under the skin and shapes of hematomas, or open. The second option is heavy with a large amount of blood and the coming of a coma, especially if the patient takes anti-agents and anticoagulants. This complication of the varicose veins of the lower limbs can cause not only injury, but also a slight physical effort, for example, cough or net movement. The most dangerous complications of varicose veins of the lower limb are the thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery and myocardial infarction. They occur due to the degradation of the blood clot in the femoral artery and its migration as a function of the blood flow system in the coronary and pulmonary vessels. Mortality in such processes is extremely high, it is therefore important for the patient to always follow well-being and to consult a doctor urgently with difficulty breathing and dull thoracic pain.